Yam khoom

Cov thawj coj nyob deb ua ntej hauv ntau ntu ntawm kev ua lag luam analog chip

Ntawm cov analog ICs, kev tswj fais fab yog lub lag luam loj tshaj plaws nyob ib ncig ntawm US $ 21.6 billion los yog 42%;lub teeb liab saw kev lag luam yog US $ 14.3 billion (28%) thiab RF thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam yog nyob ib ncig ntawm US $ 15.8 billion, los yog 30%.Hauv ntu ntu amplifier, Texas Instruments tuav yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm kev ua lag luam (29%), nrog ADENO thib ob (18%).Hauv ntu kev hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv, ADENO yog tus thawj coj tiag tiag, tam sim no tuav ib nrab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv kev lag luam (48%) thiab muaj kev coj mus ntev rau nws cov neeg sib tw.Hauv kev tswj fais fab, tus thawj coj, Texas Instruments, tuav ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm kev ua lag luam (21%), nrog Qualcomm (15%), ADENO (13%), Maxim (12%), thiab Infineon (10%) muaj zoo sib xws.

Niaj hnub no, kev lag luam downstream rau cov teeb liab chains muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me.Nyob rau hauv 2015, lub downstream ntawm op-amp chips yog nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus (36%) thiab industrial (33%), nrog rau cov neeg siv khoom electronics accounting rau tsuas yog 8%.Kev lag luam downstream rau cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv ib yam nkaus suav rau ntau dua 50% ntawm kev muag khoom rau kev lag luam, thaum cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob suav tsuas yog 12%.

Kev lag luam hluav taws xob, hauv peb qhov kev xav, yeej ib txwm yog kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv tshuab los ntawm kev thov.Lub ntsiab xav tau rau cov teeb liab chains yog kev sib cuam tshuam, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm analog chips nyob rau hauv lub 60s thiab 70s, lub teeb liab chains yog tsuas yog siv downstream ntawm kev lag luam, cov khoom muaj kev cob cog rua computers raws li zoo raws li aircraft avionics systems, mus ua si lub luag hauj lwm. kev lag luam khoom siv, cov khoom siv dav hlau thiab kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.Piv txwv li, lub dav hlau muaj ntau lub sensors los pab hauv kev ya davhlau, uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua ntej xa mus rau digital system.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke muaj peev xwm txo qhov loj thiab tus nqi.Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov kev thov rau cov teeb liab chains hauv kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1960 thiab 1970s ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov analog loj loj xws li ADI thiab Texas Instruments.Hauv xyoo 1980s-2000s, qhov kev thov rau kev sib cuam tshuam hauv cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob tau dhau los ntawm lub zog mus rau lub zog, ib yam li ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov teeb liab saw hauv qab hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob ua lag luam yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov khoom lag luam hloov pauv sai thiab tus nqi tseem ceeb, yog li piv rau qhov siab precision nrhiav los ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab kev kub ceev nrhiav los ntawm kev lag luam kev sib txuas lus, qhov kev thov hauv cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob ua lag luam yog rau cov nqi qis dua thiab luv luv tsim. , thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau tshaj li qhov sib cais.

Hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, qhov kev thov rau cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev sib cuam tshuam tau muaj lub luag haujlwm tsawg hauv kev txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov nyuaj ntawm cov teeb liab saw.Ntawd yog, 1) los ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov pom, kev sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv microcontrollers tau ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau.2) los ntawm tus nqi taw tes ntawm view, vim muaj zog functionality ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes, nce kev koom ua ke tuaj yeem txo cov kev siv hluav taws xob zoo dua.3) los ntawm lub voj voog tsim, cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws, txawm tias kev ua tau zoo dua, tab sis qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov kev xav tau ntau dua, cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum xav txog ntau yam ntawm kev ceev, kev daws teeb meem, kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam teeb meem, yog tias txhua yam siv cov teeb liab discrete. saw nti, yuav nyuaj rau hloov mus rau qhov hloov pauv sai sai ntawm kev lag luam xav tau.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, dhau kaum xyoo dhau los, ntau lub teeb liab cov khoom lag luam rau cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau hauv microcontrollers / SoCs, uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob zoo hauv kev lag luam qis rau cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom sib xyaw: kev tswj fais fab tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev lag luam

Txij li thaum xyoo 1990, qhov sib faib ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau maj mam txo qis.Nyob rau hauv 1981, lub lag luam amplifiers accounted rau 19% ntawm lub lag luam analog chip, thaum nyob rau hauv 2018 daim duab no tau txo mus rau 6% thiab lub lag luam loj hlob los ntawm tsuas yog $ 200 lab mus rau $ 3.5 billion.Cov-rau-analog converters ib yam li ntawd, los ntawm 1981 txog 2018, qhov sib koom ntawm digital-rau-analog converters hauv analog chips poob ntawm 19% mus rau 6%, thiab kev lag luam loj hlob los ntawm US $ 300 lab rau US $ 3.9 billion.

Lub zog tswj chips, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau loj hlob sai txij li xyoo 1990, loj hlob mus rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam analog chip.Xyoo 1981, kev lag luam rau kev tswj fais fab chips tsuas yog $ 100 lab, thiab niaj hnub no, nws tau loj hlob mus rau $ 25 billion kev lag luam.Qhov sib koom ntawm kev tswj fais fab chips hauv kev lag luam analog chip tau nce sai ntawm 8% hauv 1981 thiab 9% hauv 1995 txog 43% hnub no (2018).

Peb ntseeg tias qhov no tau tsav los ntawm kev xav tau tshiab txuas ntxiv rau kev tswj fais fab hauv cov neeg siv khoom lag luam.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, cov khoom siv tsawg, thiab cov khoom siv tau yooj yim tau coj mus rau kev txhim kho lub zog hloov hluav taws xob siv thev naus laus zis thiab cov kev xav tau.

Qhov kev thov rau kev txuag hluav taws xob tsawg hauv cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob yog tsav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog tswj kev lag luam nti.Nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshiab rau cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob, suab, yees duab, thiab lwm yam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus ua nyuaj dua.Tsis yog tsuas yog lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nce ntxiv nrog rau txhua hnub dhau mus, tab sis tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa kuj tseem ua ntau dua, lub hom phiaj xav tau kev tswj hwm lub zog uas tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog hloov pauv tau zoo, thiab nce lub sij hawm tos thaum txhim kho kev koom ua ke. txhawb ntau qhov voltages.Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog ceev ntawm lithium roj teeb tau qeeb, yog li tib txoj hauv kev los nrhiav kev tawg yog los ntawm lub zog tswj nti.Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv tsav cov tuam txhab analog chips los qhia txog kev tswj hwm lub zog nrog ntau txoj haujlwm nyuaj, kev ua haujlwm siab dua, thiab qis dua ntim, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm kev tswj fais fab chip kev lag luam tag nrho.

Qhov kev thov rau kev txuag hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj hauv kev lag luam kuj tau ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tswj fais fab kev lag luam nti.Kev siv hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam feem ntau yog los ntawm cov motors thiab teeb pom kev zoo.Lub cev muaj zog yog cov twj tso kua mis, kiv cua, compressors, kis tshuab, thiab lwm yam. Lub zog siv los ntawm cov motors suav txog yuav luag 80% ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob.Yog li ntawd, qhov kev thov rau kev txuag hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam sector tau ua rau lub zog tswj cov chips txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev hloov dua siab tshiab.Piv txwv li, kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib txawv tuaj yeem txuag tau txog li 40% ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau zoo tuaj yeem txuag tau mus txog 35%, tag nrho cov kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov kev xav tau tshiab yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev tswj fais fab, los ntawm kev pib yooj yim logic tswj ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo mus rau ntau tus kheej cov cai ntawm niaj hnub dimming thiab xim hloov, tso rau pem hauv ntej ntau complex thiab ntse tswj cov cai rau lub hwj chim chips.Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov khoom siv los hloov kho cov qauv ntawm kev txav mus los, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob adapter rau roj teeb lub zog, nqa ntau lub roj teeb-powered tshuab chip xav tau.

Hloov cov qauv kev lag luam: qhov nce ntawm daim ntawv thov-raws li chips txo qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus kheej tsim fabs

Cov qauv ntawm cov qauv thiab daim ntawv thov-raws li analog chips yog tawm tsam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov zaub mov ntim thiab kev lag luam loj.Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom ntim, qhov sib koom ntawm cov qauv analog chips (64%) yog ntau dua li cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb analog chips (36%), tab sis hais txog kev lag luam loj, nws yog daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb analog chips (62%) uas yog siab dua tus qauv analog chips (38%).Qhia.

Peb ntseeg hais tias daim ntawv thov-raws li analog chips ntsib cov kev thov customized nrog ntau dua tus nqi ntxiv.Cov txheej txheem thiab architecture tsim yog ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv analog.Standard analog chips yog generalized, nrog rau kev tsim txawv me ntsis los ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus rau cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus, uas ua rau tus nqi qis ntxiv.Kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom vam khom ntau dua ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab thev naus laus zis thiab xav tau ntau yam ntawm tus kheej tsim fabs.

Standard analog chips ntsib qhov kev thov rau cov nqi qis thiab qis-ntim dav dav dav dav thiab yog li ntawd tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem ntau dua.Tus nqi qis yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ua kom luv ntawm cov txheej txheem nti kom txo tau txoj kab dav, yog li ua kom muaj qhov me me thiab cov nqi qis dua nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam.Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub, lub ntsiab xav tau rau analog chips yog rau standardized general-purpose chips, piv txwv li, ADI tau sau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb los ntawm kev nqis peev ceev hauv kev tsim cov nroj tsuag hauv 80s thiab 90s.

Daim ntawv thov-oriented analog chips tau ntsib nrog cov kev xav tau sib txawv, thiab yog li tau tsim ntau dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, raws li qhov nyuaj ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tau nce ntxiv, kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb rau ib hom ntu tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam sector uas muaj ntau tus neeg siv khoom tsis sib xws ntawm kev ceev, raug, kev sib koom ua ke, nqi, thiab qhov loj, xav tau. analog chip manufacturers ua lag luam tawm kom ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws, uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev paub txog R & D cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim.Kev tsim lawv cov fab los txhim kho cov txheej txheem tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb thiab vim li ntawd, tom qab 2000, ADI cov peev txheej siv nyiaj raws li feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm nyiaj txiag tau txo qis heev thiab feem ntau cov chips tau pom siv TSMC foundries.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, daim ntawv thov-raws li analog chips yuav tsav ib tug boom nyob rau hauv cov neeg muag khoom fabless.Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom xws li TSMC thiab SMIC tau ua rau cov tuam txhab nti kom tsis txhob muaj lub nra hnyav ntawm lub tsev fab thiab tsom mus rau cov ntawv thov nti lawv tus kheej, ua rau muaj ntau yam zoo heev fabless (Fabless) fabs.Tuam Tshoj Mainland IC tsim tawm tau loj hlob los ntawm US $ 5.66 billion hauv 2010 mus rau US $ 24.75 nphom hauv 2016, ib qho kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 28%, thiab cov tuam txhab fabless tau nce los ntawm 569 hauv 2012 txog 1,362 xyoo 2016. thov rau daim ntawv thov-raws li chips nce nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam, fabless tuam txhab uas muag nrog zoo heev tsim thiab kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm yuav tsum sawv tawm.