Hom tshiab thawj IC Tshuag Hauv Cheeb Tsam Ic Chip Txhawb BOM Kev Pabcuam DS90UB953TRHBRQ1

1.Vim li cas silicon rau chips?Puas muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem hloov tau yav tom ntej?
Cov khoom siv raw rau chips yog wafers, uas yog tsim los ntawm silicon.Muaj kev xav tsis zoo tias "sand can be used to make chips", tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd.Cov tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov xuab zeb yog silicon dioxide, thiab cov tshuaj tseem ceeb ntawm iav thiab wafers kuj yog silicon dioxide.Qhov txawv, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias iav yog polycrystalline silicon, thiab cua sov xuab zeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yields polycrystalline silicon.Wafers, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog monocrystalline silicon, thiab yog tias lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov xuab zeb lawv yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntxiv los ntawm polycrystalline silicon rau monocrystalline silicon.

Dab tsi yog silicon thiab vim li cas thiaj siv tau los ua cov chips, peb yuav qhia qhov no hauv kab lus no ib los ntawm ib qho.

Thawj qhov uas peb yuav tsum to taub yog tias cov khoom siv silicon tsis yog qhov ncaj qha dhia mus rau cov kauj ruam nti, silicon yog ua kom zoo los ntawm quartz xuab zeb tawm ntawm lub caij silicon, silicon element proton tooj ntau dua li cov khoom txhuas ntau dua, dua li lub caij phosphorus tsawg dua. , nws tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no tab sis kuj yog cov neeg nrhiav lub neej txawv teb chaws ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus yooj yim.Feem ntau, thaum silicon yog purified thiab refined (99.999%), nws tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv silicon wafers, uas yog txiav rau hauv wafers.Lub thinner lub wafer, tus nqi qis ntawm kev tsim cov nti, tab sis ntau dua qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov txheej txheem nti.

Peb cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tig silicon rau hauv wafers

Tshwj xeeb, kev hloov pauv ntawm silicon rau hauv wafers tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb kauj ruam: silicon refining thiab purification, ib leeg siv lead ua silicon loj hlob, thiab wafer tsim.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, silicon feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm silicate los yog silicon dioxide nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb thiab gravel.Cov khoom siv raw yog muab tso rau hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv ntawm 2000 ° C thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide, thiab qhov kub siab yog siv los ua silicon dioxide nrog carbon (SiO2 + 2C = Si + 2CO) kom tau txais qib metallurgical silicon ( purity nyob ib ncig ntawm 98%).Txawm li cas los xij, qhov purity no tsis txaus rau kev npaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ua kom huv ntxiv.Cov crushed metallurgical qib silicon yog chlorinated nrog gaseous hydrogen chloride los ua kua silane, uas yog ces distilled thiab tshuaj txo los ntawm ib tug txheej txheem uas yields siab purity polysilicon nrog ib tug purity ntawm 99.999999999% raws li hluav taws xob qib silicon.

Yog li cas koj tau txais monocrystalline silicon los ntawm polycrystalline silicon?Txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog txoj kev rub ncaj qha, qhov twg polysilicon muab tso rau hauv ib lub quartz crucible thiab rhuab nrog qhov kub ntawm 1400 ° C nyob rau ntawm lub periphery, uas ua rau ib tug polysilicon yaj.Tau kawg, qhov no yog ua ntej los ntawm dipping ib lub noob siv lead ua rau hauv nws thiab muaj lub pas nrig kos nqa cov noob siv lead ua nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia thaum maj mam thiab vertically rub nws upwards los ntawm silicon yaj.Cov polycrystalline silicon yaj nplaum nplaum rau hauv qab ntawm cov noob siv lead ua thiab loj hlob mus rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov noob siv lead ua lattice, uas tom qab tau rub tawm thiab txias hlob mus rau hauv ib qho siv lead ua bar nrog tib lub lattice orientation raws li cov noob siv lead ua.Thaum kawg, ib leeg-crystal wafers yog tumbled, txiav, hauv av, chamfered, thiab polished los tsim tag nrho cov tseem ceeb wafers.

Nyob ntawm qhov txiav me me, silicon wafers tuaj yeem faib ua 6 ", 8", 12", thiab 18".Qhov loj dua qhov loj ntawm lub wafer, ntau cov chips tuaj yeem txiav tawm ntawm txhua lub wafer, thiab tus nqi qis dua rau ib nti.
2.Peb cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm silicon rau hauv wafers

Tshwj xeeb, kev hloov pauv ntawm silicon rau hauv wafers tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb kauj ruam: silicon refining thiab purification, ib leeg siv lead ua silicon loj hlob, thiab wafer tsim.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, silicon feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm silicate los yog silicon dioxide nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb thiab gravel.Cov khoom siv raw yog muab tso rau hauv hluav taws xob arc rauv ntawm 2000 ° C thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide, thiab qhov kub siab yog siv los ua silicon dioxide nrog carbon (SiO2 + 2C = Si + 2CO) kom tau txais qib metallurgical silicon ( purity txog 98%).Txawm li cas los xij, qhov purity no tsis txaus rau kev npaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ua kom huv ntxiv.Cov crushed metallurgical qib silicon yog chlorinated nrog gaseous hydrogen chloride los ua kua silane, uas yog ces distilled thiab tshuaj txo los ntawm ib tug txheej txheem uas yields siab purity polysilicon nrog ib tug purity ntawm 99.999999999% raws li hluav taws xob qib silicon.

Yog li cas koj tau txais monocrystalline silicon los ntawm polycrystalline silicon?Txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog txoj kev rub ncaj qha, qhov twg polysilicon muab tso rau hauv ib lub quartz crucible thiab rhuab nrog qhov kub ntawm 1400 ° C nyob rau ntawm lub periphery, uas ua rau ib tug polysilicon yaj.Tau kawg, qhov no yog ua ntej los ntawm dipping ib lub noob siv lead ua rau hauv nws thiab muaj lub pas nrig kos nqa cov noob siv lead ua nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia thaum maj mam thiab vertically rub nws upwards los ntawm silicon yaj.Cov polycrystalline silicon yaj nplaum nplaum rau hauv qab ntawm cov noob siv lead ua thiab loj hlob mus rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov noob siv lead ua lattice, uas tom qab tau rub tawm thiab txias hlob mus rau hauv ib qho siv lead ua bar nrog tib lub lattice orientation raws li cov noob siv lead ua.Thaum kawg, ib leeg-crystal wafers yog tumbled, txiav, hauv av, chamfered, thiab polished los tsim tag nrho cov tseem ceeb wafers.

Nyob ntawm qhov txiav me me, silicon wafers tuaj yeem faib ua 6 ", 8", 12", thiab 18".Qhov loj dua qhov loj ntawm lub wafer, ntau cov chips tuaj yeem txiav tawm ntawm txhua lub wafer, thiab tus nqi qis dua rau ib nti.

Vim li cas silicon yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua cov chips?

Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov semiconductors tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv nti, tab sis cov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas silicon yog cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev ua cov chips yog raws li hauv qab no.

1, raws li qhov qeb duas ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim: oxygen> silicon> txhuas> hlau> calcium> sodium> potassium ...... tuaj yeem pom tias silicon qeb thib ob, cov ntsiab lus yog loj, uas kuj tso cai rau lub chip kom muaj ib qho yuav luag inexhaustible mov ntawm raw khoom.

2, silicon cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv muaj zog ruaj khov, qhov ntxov tshaj plaws transistor yog siv cov khoom siv semiconductor germanium los ua, tab sis vim tias qhov kub siab tshaj 75 ℃, cov conductivity yuav hloov loj, ua rau PN hlws ris tom qab rov qab. leakage tam sim no ntawm germanium dua silicon, yog li kev xaiv ntawm silicon caij raws li cov khoom siv nti yog qhov tsim nyog dua;

3, silicon element purification technology yog cov paub tab, thiab tus nqi qis, tam sim no kev ua kom huv silicon tuaj yeem ncav cuag 99.9999999999%.

4, cov khoom siv silicon nws tus kheej tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj mob, uas kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim li cas nws thiaj li raug xaiv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov chips.