Thawj Tshiab IC Chip WQFN-64 DS90UB948TNKDRQ1 Electronics Cheebtsam Ib Qhov Chaw Yuav

Vim li cas monocrystalline silicon siv los ua lub hauv paus rau chips?
Sau: harry4112
Link: https://www.zhihu.com/question/515054180/answer/2337519553
Source: Zhihu
Copyright belongs rau tus sau.Thov hu rau tus kws sau ntawv rau kev tso cai rau kev luam tawm ua lag luam, thiab hais txog lub hauv paus rau kev luam tawm tsis yog lag luam.

Vim li cas cov xov hlau xav tau cov tawv nqaij yas?Koj tsis tuaj yeem siv tooj liab liab qab?Vim tias tsis muaj daim tawv nqaij sib cais, cov hlau tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob yooj yim thaum nws kov lwm yam khoom thiab tsis tuaj yeem xa tawm tam sim no, lossis yuav ua li cas yog tias nws muaj zog thiab electrocutes ib tug neeg?Yuav ua li cas yog tias ntau cov xov hlau tsis muaj hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov yas?Tsis yog, cov xov hlau thaum ntxov tau qhwv cov ntaub pua chaw, txhuam cov roj (thiab tam sim no, enameled hlau), nyob rau hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb, suav nrog tus nqi, muaj peev xwm cais hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam, lossis txawm tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem siv silicon. , silicon dioxide los ua kev sib cais, ntawm chav kawm, ob qho no yog cov khoom siv tawv tawv heev, tsuas yog tsim rau cov khoom tsim, tsis yog cov xov tooj ntawm tes, uas yog txoj cai rau cov nti sab hauv cov hlau no.

Cov saum toj no yog ua tau nrog silicon thiab silicon dioxide rau hlau cais rau chips.Yog lawm, ib qho ntawm kev siv loj ntawm silicon substrates hauv cov chips yog rau kev sib cais, tib yam li kev siv cov tawv nqaij yas rau cov xov hlau, tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv rov qab.Cov hlau tsis muaj tooj liab liab qab ua ntej lawv pleev xim rau cov tawv nqaij;chips muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm ua ntej lawv tau nteg tawm (plated) nrog cov xov tooj liab liab.

Vim li cas ib leeg siv lead ua silicon?Ob qho laj thawj, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yuav tsum yog cov ntshiab heev, txwv tsis pub los yog lwm yam nws yuav tsis raug insulated vim cov neeg koom nrog conductivity thiab yuav tsis muab ib tug tshwj xeeb pre-khoom rau lub tom ntej tiam ntawm lub semiconductor hlws ris.Qhov no yog to taub heev, puas yog?Koj xav ua PN kev sib tshuam ntawm ib qho chaw, tab sis tom qab ntawd twb muaj ob peb qhov messed phosphorus atoms ntawm qhov chaw ntawd thiab nws twb yog N-hom qauv, yog li koj xav hloov nws mus rau hom P?Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus los ntawm ntshiab mus rau heterogeneous, tab sis nws nyuaj heev mus los ntawm heterogeneous mus rau ntshiab, yog li koj pib nrog high-purity silicon.Vim li cas ho tsis tuaj yeem ua polycrystalline silicon?Nws yuav tsum ua nrog rau tiam ntawm PN junctions (tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam tsim, sawv cev los ntawm PN) thiab.Qhov no yog vim PN junctions me me dhau rau cov txheej txheem intercalation thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Circuit Court, uas yuav tsum tau 100% ua raws li cov qauv tsim, raug txheeb xyuas meej yog tias tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lattice, pes tsawg " impurities" sib xyaw, thiab hluav taws xob dab tsi. yam ntxwv tau txais.

Qhov twg muaj lattice defects, qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb.Lub lattice defects nyob rau hauv polysilicon zoo ib yam li cov pits nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus, thiab lawv yog heev loj, yog li thaum lub asphalt yog nteg, hluav taws xob teb tsis zoo li lwm qhov chaw.ua 1!Qhov no Circuit Court logic puas tseem muaj tseeb?Los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv, puas tuaj yeem siv lwm cov ntaub ntawv?Polycrystalline puas tuaj yeem siv tau?Hauv lwm daim ntawv thov, lossis qhov twg nws tsis yog qhov muag heev (lub zog muaj zog, tsis muaj zog logic), nws muaj peev xwm los yog raug tshawb xyuas.Piv txwv li, silicon yog tsis tshua muaj doped nyob rau hauv ib co ultra-high zaus, ultra-low voltage, ultra-siab tam sim no, tsis heev haum, ces muaj lwm yam tshwj xeeb silicon germanium, gallium thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv, thiab txawm lub substrate ntawm cov nti, hnub ci vaj huam sib luag vim lub ntsiab yog muab cov hluav taws xob muaj zog, tsis tas txhawj txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov voltage me ntsis, ntawm chav kawm, muaj tus nqi, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog polycrystalline silicon.Raws li rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv, tom qab tag nrho, silicon yog nyob txhua qhov chaw thiab tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si.Lwm yam, uas yog ob qho tib si nrhiav tau yooj yim, kuj yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si thiab.