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I. Chip yog dab tsi

Ib nti, tseem hu ua microcircuit, microchip, los yog integrated circuit (IC), yog ib tug silicon nti uas muaj ib tug integrated circuit, feem ntau me me thiab feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm lub computer los yog lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Ib tug nti yog ib lo lus generic rau ib tug semiconductor tivthaiv khoom, tus cab kuj ntawm ib tug integrated circuit, uas yog ua los ntawm wafers.

Lub wafer yog ib qho me me ntawm silicon uas muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke uas yog ib feem ntawm lub computer lossis lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.

II.Dab tsi yog semiconductor

Ib qho semiconductor yog cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov neeg xyuas pib thiab cov insulator ntawm chav tsev kub.Piv txwv li, ib lub diode yog ib qho khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor.Lub semiconductor yog ib yam khoom uas nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity tuaj yeem tswj tau thiab muaj peev xwm los ntawm insulator mus rau tus neeg xyuas pib.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm semiconductors yog loj, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm technology thiab economic kev loj hlob.Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, xws li khoos phis tawj, xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab digital recorders, muaj lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm txuas nrog cov khoom siv semiconductors.

Cov khoom siv semiconductor feem ntau suav nrog silicon, germanium, thiab gallium arsenide, nrog silicon yog cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau yam khoom siv semiconductor.

Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom - khoom, kua, roj, ntshav, thiab lwm yam. Peb feem ntau xa mus rau cov khoom uas tsis zoo hluav taws xob conductivity, xws li thee, dag muaju, amber, thiab ceramics, raws li insulators.

Thiab ntau cov hlau conductive xws li kub, nyiaj, tooj liab, hlau, tin, txhuas, thiab lwm yam yog hu ua conductors.Cov khoom uas poob ntawm cov conductors thiab insulators tuaj yeem hu ua semiconductors.

III.Dab tsi yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke

Ib qho hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke (IC) yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me lossis cov khoom siv.

Siv ib co txheej txheem, cov transistors, resistors, capacitors, thiab inductors yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib tug Circuit Court thiab wiring yog interconnected ua ke, ua nyob rau hauv ib tug me me daim los yog ob peb me me pieces ntawm semiconductor wafers los yog dielectric substrates, thiab ces encapsulated nyob rau hauv lub raj plhaub, ua ib tug me me pieces. microstructure nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv Circuit Court.

Tag nrho cov khoom nyob rau hauv nws tau raug tsim raws li ib tug tag nrho, ua hluav taws xob Cheebtsam yog ib tug loj kauj ruam ntawm miniaturization, tsawg zog noj, txawj ntse, thiab siab ntseeg.Nws yog sawv cev hauv Circuit Court los ntawm cov ntawv "IC".

Cov inventors ntawm integrated circuits yog Jack Kilby (integrated circuits raws li germanium (Ge)) thiab Robert Noyes (integrated circuits raws li silicon (Si)).Feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam semiconductor niaj hnub no yog silicon-based integrated circuits.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog ib yam tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1950 thiab 1960s.

Nws yog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom semiconductor xws li oxidation, photolithography, diffusion, epitaxy, thiab evaporation ntawm txhuas, uas integrates cov semiconductors, resistors, capacitors, thiab lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau los ua ib tug Circuit Court nrog tej yam functions thiab txuas nyob ntawm lawv tag nrho ntawm ib tug. me me ntawm silicon, thiab ces welded thiab encapsulated nyob rau hauv ib lub raj vaj tse rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Muaj ntau hom kev ntim cov plhaub xws li cov plhaub puag ncig, tiaj tus lossis ob sab hauv.

Integrated circuit technology muaj xws li chip manufacturing technology thiab tsim technology, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv, ua technology, ntim thiab kuaj, loj ntau lawm, thiab muaj peev xwm tsim innovation.