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system-on-chip(SoC)

Asystem ntawm ib tug chiplos yogsystem-on-chip(SoC) yog ibintegrated circuituas integrates feem ntau los yog tag nrho cov Cheebtsam ntawm lub computer los yog lwm yamelectronic system.Cov khoom no yuav luag ib txwm suav nrog acentral processing unit(CPU),ncointerfaces, hauv-chipinput / tso ziskhoom siv,input / tso zisinterfaces, thiabtheem nrab ciainterfaces, feem ntau nrog rau lwm yam xws lixov tooj cua modemsthiab agraphic processing unit(GPU) - tag nrho ntawm ib leegsubstratelos yog microchip.^[1]Nws yuav muajdigital,analog,sib xyaw-cim, thiab feem ntauxov tooj cua zaus teeb liab uakev ua haujlwm (tsis li ntawd nws suav tias tsuas yog daim ntawv thov processor).

Kev ua tau zoo dua SoCs feem ntau yog ua ke nrog kev mob siab rau thiab lub cev cais lub cim xeeb thiab kev cia nruab nrab (xws liLPDDRthiabeUFSlos yogeMMC, ntsig txog) cov chips, uas tej zaum yuav muab tso rau sab saum toj ntawm SoC hauv qhov hu ua apob ntawm pob(PoP) kev teeb tsa, lossis muab tso rau ze rau SoC.Tsis tas li ntawd, SoCs tuaj yeem siv cais wirelessmodems.^[2]

SoCs yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev cai ib txwm muajniam ntawv-raws liPC architecture, uas cais cov khoom raws li kev ua haujlwm thiab txuas lawv los ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub rooj sib tham.^{[nb 1]}Thaum lub tsev motherboard thiab txuas cov khoom siv tau los yog hloov tau, SoCs muab tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke.Ib qho SoC feem ntau yuav sib koom ua ke CPU, cov duab kos thiab cim xeeb cuam tshuam,^{[nb 2]}Secondary cia thiab USB txuas,^{[nb 3]} random-nkag musthiabnyeem nkaus xwb ncothiab lwm qhov chaw cia thiab / lossis lawv cov maub los ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tuag, hos lub motherboard yuav txuas cov modules nodiscrete Cheebtsamlos yogexpansion cards.

Ib SoC integrates amicrocontroller,microprocessorlos yog tej zaum ob peb processor cores nrog peripherals zoo li aGPU,Wi-nkausthiabcellular networkxov tooj cua modems, thiab/lossis ib lossis ntau duacoprocessors.Zoo ib yam li yuav ua li cas lub microcontroller integrates ib microprocessor nrog peripheral circuits thiab nco, SoC tuaj yeem pom tias kev sib koom ua ke ntawm microcontroller nrog ntau dua.peripherals.Rau ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm integrating system Cheebtsam, saibkev sib koom ua ke.

Ntau nruj kev sib koom ua ke hauv computer tsim qauv txhim khokev ua tau zoothiab txosiv zogzoo lisemiconductor tuagcheeb tsam tshaj li multi-chip designs nrog sib npaug functionality.Qhov no los ntawm tus nqi txohloov tauntawm cov khoom.Los ntawm kev txhais, SoC cov qauv tsim muaj tag nrho lossis ze li kev sib koom ua ke thoob plaws cov khoom sib txawvmodules.Rau cov laj thawj no, tau muaj ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom nruj duacomputer hardware kev lag luam, ib feem vim yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm SoCs thiab cov lus qhia tau kawm los ntawm kev lag luam txawb thiab suav nrog.SoCs tuaj yeem raug saib raws li ib feem ntawm txoj kev loj dua rauembedded xamthiabkho vajtse acceleration.

SoCs muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauvmobile xam(xws li hauvsmartphonesthiabntsiav tshuaj computers) thiabntug xamkev lag luam.^[3][4]Lawv kuj yog siv nyob rau hauvembedded systemsxws li WiFi routers thiab covInternet ntawm yam.

Hom

Feem ntau, muaj peb yam sib txawv ntawm SoCs:

• SoCs tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm ibmicrocontroller,
• SoCs tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm ibmicroprocessor, feem ntau pom hauv xov tooj ntawm tes;
• Tshwj xeebdaim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb integrated circuitSoCs tsim los rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb uas tsis haum rau ob pawg saum toj no.

Daim ntawv thov [kho]

SoCs tuaj yeem siv rau txhua txoj haujlwm suav.Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau yog siv hauv kev suav xov tooj xws li ntsiav tshuaj, smartphones, smartwatches thiab netbooks thiab.embedded systemsthiab hauv cov ntawv thov uas yav dhau losmicrocontrollersyuav siv.

Embedded systems [kho]

Qhov twg yav dhau los tsuas siv microcontrollers tuaj yeem siv, SoCs tau nce mus rau qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam embedded.Tighter system kev koom ua ke muab kev ntseeg tau zoo dua thiabtxhais tau tias lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua tsis tiav, thiab SoCs muaj kev ua haujlwm siab dua thiab suav lub zog dua li microcontrollers.^[5]Cov ntawv thov suav nrogAI acceleration, embeddedtshuab pom,^[6] sau cov ntaub ntawv,telemetry,kev ua vectorthiabambient kev txawj ntse.Feem ntau embedded SoCs tsom rauinternet ntawm yam,industrial internet ntawm yamthiabntug xamkev lag luam.

Mobile xam[kho]

Mobile xamRaws li SoCs ib txwm ntim cov txheej txheem, nco, ntawm-chipcaches,kev sib txuas lus wirelessmuaj peev xwm thiab feem ntaulub koob yees duab digitalhardware thiab firmware.Nrog nce qhov ntau thiab tsawg nco, siab kawg SoCs feem ntau yuav tsis muaj lub cim xeeb thiab flash cia thiab hloov pauv, lub cim xeeb thiabflash ncoyuav muab tso rau sab xis ntawm, lossis saum toj no (pob ntawm pob), SoC.^[7]Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm kev siv xov tooj ntawm tes SoCs suav nrog:

• Samsung Electronics:lis, feem ntau raws liARM
  • Exynos, siv los ntawm Samsung'sGalaxyseries ntawm smartphones
• Qualcomm:
  • Snapdragon(lis), siv nyob rau hauv ntau yamLG,Xiaomi,Google Pixel,HTCthiab Samsung Galaxy smartphones.Hauv 2018, Snapdragon SoCs tau raug siv los ua tus txha caj qaum ntawmlaptop computerskhiavWindows 10, ua lag luam li "Txuas Txuas PCs".^[8][9]